[SystemSafety] Oil train fireball

[Driscoll, Kevin R]

One thing that that this West Virginia, Lac-Mégantic, Lynchburg VA, Casselton ND, and other recent train BLEVEs have in common is that they were carrying Bakken crude oil from North Dakota.  This oil has more volatile components than other types of crude oil<http://www.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304834704579401353579548592?mg=reno64-wsj&url=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB10001424052702304834704579401353579548592.html>.  I was recently at a meeting for the permitting process of a pipeline that would carry Bakken crude cross some of my property.  This meeting had a surprising number of Luddites who were against the pipeline for safety reasons, completely ignoring the fact that this pipeline would by about 100x safer than the current train transportation.



-----Original Message-----
From: systemsafety-bounces at lists.techfak.uni-bielefeld.de [mailto:systemsafety-bounces at lists.techfak.uni-bielefeld.de] On Behalf Of Peter Bernard Ladkin
Sent: Wednesday, February 18, 2015 2:15 AM
To: systemsafety at lists.techfak.uni-bielefeld.de
Subject: Re: [SystemSafety] Oil train fireball



Thanks, Martyn and Kevin!



I was somewhat uncreative with my search. "Fireball" and "model" gave me large amounts of astrophysics, which has a Fireball Model which is apparently hot. NASA has a one-page briefing at http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/pdf/97767main_GRB_primer.pdf It's about the daily gamma-ray bursts which people have suggested come from collapsars.



Other stuff must have been buried further down than my patience. The key-keyword from Kevin turned out to be "vapor".



I thought I'd share what appear to be the most useful references. It's rare that I think "gosh, I really should find out the basics about that" and be so quickly fulfilled. Remembering what is was like getting reliable information even twenty years ago, this all seems a bit like magic.



All of these references are helpful with the qualitative characterisation, and it seems as if some of the basic math is also straightforward.



There was a huge fireball/explosion/BLEVE (great word that!) in the Urals in 1989. Apparently a leak in a pipeline next to rail tracks let a lot of vaopr out. Two trains passing each other apparently ignited it, and the effects covered kilometers.



One of the scientific investigators appeared to have moved to Singapore and has a paper giving a simplified model of BLEVE/fireball phenomena :Novozhilov 2001 http://www.iafss.org/publications/aofst/5/144/view I have no idea of course whether the model is any good, but the author's credentials are first-rate.



As as those of the American Institute of Chemical Engineering :-). Its Guidelines for Evaluating the Characteristics of Vapor Cloud Explosions, Flash Fires, and BLEVEs were published on-line in 2010 through John WIley & Sons and is available at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/book/10.1002/9780470938157



Another AIChEng publication with Wiley from 1996 contains an Appendix on Explosion and Fire Phenomena and Effects and is also on-line

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1002/9780470937938.app1/asset/app1.pdf?v=1&t=i6aciqv5&s=5bc9084469b111122547b4da1aa8b6fdaf169eb5



Finally, there are some lecture notes from the Uni Toledo in Ohio on Fires and Explosions http://www.eng.utoledo.edu/aprg/courses/dm/fires/fires_text.html



I'll mug up on it a little before I approach Andrew Curran about Buncefield.



PBL



Prof. Peter Bernard Ladkin, Faculty of Technology, University of Bielefeld, 33594 Bielefeld, Germany Je suis Charlie

Tel+msg +49 (0)521 880 7319  www.rvs.uni-bielefeld.de<http://www.rvs.uni-bielefeld.de>









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